Official Course Description:   MCCCD Approval:  02/22/00
DMI112      19996-19996	LEC LAB	2.50 Credit(s) 1 Credit(s)	2.50 Period(s) 3 Period(s)
Skeletal Procedures
Radiographic anatomy of the upper and lower limb, pelvis and bones of the thorax. Positioning of the humerus, shoulder, pelvis, hip, and bones of the thorax. Positioning of the spine, cranium, facial bones, and advanced skull regions. Emphasis on radiation protection, film evaluation and modifications. Serving the culturally diverse patient. Prerequisites: DMI101, DMI102, and DMI107, or permission of instructor.

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MCCCD Official Course Competencies:
DMI112   19996-19996	Skeletal Procedures

1.	Use proper positioning terminology. (I)
2.	Identify and use radiographic anatomy and landmarks of the humerus, shoulder, pelvis, hip, and bones of the thorax. (II)
3.	Demonstrate proper radiographic positioning of the humerus, shoulder, pelvis, hip, and bones of the thorax. (III)
4.	Identify and use radiographic anatomy and landmarks of the lumbar-sacral, thoracic, and cervical spine. (IV)
5.	Demonstrate proper radiographic positioning of the lumbar- sacral, thoracic, and cervical spine. (V)
6.	Identify and use radiographic anatomy and landmarks of the cranium, facial bones, sinuses, and temporal bone structures. (VI)
7.	Demonstrate proper radiographic positioning of the skull, facial bones, sinuses, and temporal bone structures. (VII)
8.	Produce written evaluations of phantom radiographic images. (VIII)
9.	Apply critical thinking skills in addressing unique positioning situations. (IX)
10.	Describe the values, beliefs, and attitudes of the culturally diverse patient population. (X)

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MCCCD Official Course Outline:
DMI112   19996-19996	Skeletal Procedures

I. Terminology A Body planes B. Reference points C. Palpation points D. Medical terminology E. Equipment terminology II. Radiographic Anatomy and Landmarks A. Humerus 1. epicondyles 2. greater tubercle 3. lesser tubercle B. Shoulder girdle 1. scapula spine 2. coracoid process 3. sternoclavicular joint 4. acromion C. Pelvis 1. ilium 2. ischium 3. symphysis pubis D. Pelvis classification E. Pelvic landmarks 1. iliac crest 2. anterior superior iliac spine 3. symphysis pubis 4. ischial tuberosities F. Hip 1. acetabulum 2. fovea capitus 3. femoral head 4. anatomical neck 5. greater trochanter 6. lesser trochanter 7. surgical neck G. Ribs 1. anterior ribs 2. posterior ribs 3. true vs. false ribs 4. costocartiliage 5. costal angle 6. costal groove 7. costotransverse joints 8. costovertebral joints H. Sternum 1. manubrium 2. body 3. xiphoid process III. Positioning of the Shoulder Girdle, Pelvis, and Bones of the Thorax A. Film size and placement B. Tube alignment and centering C. Part positioning D. Total and verbal positioning E. Patient communication F. Radiation protection G. Film evaluation H. Special situations IV. Radiographic Anatomy and Landmarks of the Spine A. Lumbar spine radiographic anatomy 1. body 2. transverse processes 3. zygoapophyseal joints 4. intervertebral joints 5. lamina 6. articular processes B. Landmarks of the lumbar-sacral spine 1. iliac crest 2. anterior superior iliac spine 3. symphysis pubis 4. greater trochanter 5. apex of coccyx 6. topographical references C. Thoracic spine radiographic anatomy 1. body 2. transverse processes 3. zygoapophyseal joints 4. intervertebral joints 5. lamina 6. articular processes D. Landmarks of the thoracic spine 1. spinous processes 2. suprasternal notch 3. sternal angle 4. xiphoid process 5. topographical landmarks E. Cervical spine radiographic anatomy 1. body 2. transverse processes 3. zygoapophyseal joints 4. intervertebral joints 5. lamina 6. articular processes 7. articular pillars F. Landmarks of the cervical spine 1. c-1 2. c-2 3. zygoapophseal joints 4. c-7 5. articular pillars 6. topographical references V. Positioning of the Spine A. Film size and placement B. Tube alignment and centering C. Part positioning D. Total and verbal positioning E. Patient communication F. Radiation protection G. Film evaluation H. Special situations VI. Radiographic Anatomy and Landmarks of the Cranium, Facial Bones, Sinuses and Temporal Bone A. Cranial radiographic anatomy 1. Frontal bone 2. Parietal bone 3. Occipital bone 4. Squamous temporal 5. Ethmoid 6. Sphenoid B. Landmarks of the cranium 1. supraorbital margins 2. external orbital meatus 3. vertex 4. mastoid processes 5. opisthocranion 6. stephanions 7. tables 8. sella turcica 9. glabella 10. petrous ridges 11. temporal fossa C. Facial bone radiographic anatomy 1. maxilla 2. vomer 3. orbits 4. zygomatic arches 5. nasal bones D. Landmarks of the facial bones 1. anterior nasal spine 2. infraorbital margin 3. nasion 4. alveolar process E. Sinus radiographic anatomy 1. frontal sinus 2. maxillary sinus 3. ethmoid sinuses 4. Sphenoid sinus F. Temporal bone radiographic anatomy 1. styloid process 2. mastoid air cells 3. semicircular canals 4. internal auditory canals VII. Positioning of Cranium, Facial Bones, Sinuses, and Temporal Bone Structures A. Film size and placement B. Tube alignment and centering C. Part positioning D. Total and verbal positioning E. Patient communication F. Radiation protection G. Film evaluation H. Special situations VIII. Written Evaluations A. Overview of position B. Exposure factors errors C. Positioning errors D. Other related issues E. Corrective actions IX. Positioning Scenarios A. Trauma-related situations B. Pathology-related situations C. Difficult and/or uncooperative patients D. Pediatric patients E. Geriatric patients X. Cultural Diversity A. Values and beliefs B. Attitudes toward health care C. Communication issues D. Differences and similarities

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