MCCCD Official Course Competencies:

HIS106  1997 Fall – 1999 Summer II

Southwest History

1.

Describe the characteristics of the prehistoric native cultures of the American Southwest. (I)

2.

Describe the nature of the early Spanish exploration and settlement of the American Southwest. (II)

3.

Describe the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Mexican Interlude (1821-1845) in the Southwest. (III)

4.

Explain the process by which control of the Southwest was lost by Mexico and taken over by the United States. (III, IV, V)

5.

Identify and describe important U.S. sectionalist and political upheavals during the mid-nineteenth century, and explain their effects on the development of the Southwest. (V)

6.

Trace the development of an effective national American Indian policy and its impact on the Southwest. (VI)

7.

Define and exemplify the process of "Americanization" of the Southwest. (VII)

8.

Trace the establishment of law and order in the Southwest. (VIII)

9.

Describe the nature and impact of Southwestern cattle industry from 1820-1880. (IX)

10.

Trace the evolution of the mining industry in the Southwest from the mid-nineteenth century through the early decades of the twentieth century. (X)

11.

Identify and exemplify important social, economic, and political events on the Southwest during the twentieth century. (XI)

12.

Trace the evolution of policies regarding water use in the Southwest. (XII)

13.

Describe the role of the Southwest in twentieth century American politics. (XIII)

MCCCD Official Course Outline:

HIS106  1997 Fall – 1999 Summer II

Southwest History

I. Prehistoric Indian Cultures

A. The origins of humans in America

1. Middle East

2. Africa

3. Japan and Peru

4. Siberia-Bering Sea land bridge

5. Date of migration

B. Lithic (Stone Age) traditions

C. Sedentary traditions

D. Nomadic traditions

II. The Spanish Era

A. The legacy of Panfilo de Narvaez

1. Cabeza de Vaca

2. Fray Marcos de Niza

3. F.V. de Coronado and companions

4. Hernando de Soto

B. The first permanent "entradas" into the Spanish borderlands

1. Antonio de Espejo

2. Juan de Onate

3. New Mexico: settlements and explorations

4. Texas

5. Arizona (Pimeria Alta)

6. California

7. The Roman Catholic Church in the Southwest

III. The Mexican Interlude: 1821-1848

A. The Mexican political milieu of the 1820's

1. Liberals vs. Conservatives

2. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

B. Mexican administration of the northern frontier

1. Immigration policy

2. Texas

3. New Mexico and Pimeria Alta

4. California

C. The administration of Texas: 1821-1835

1. The Austin Empresario

2. Relations between America and Mexico

3. The Fredonia Revolt

IV. The "Americanization" of the Southwest

A. Zebulon Pike

B. Western fur trapping

C. Spanish fur trapping activity in the Upper Rio Grande Valley

D. Exclusion of American fur trappers by Spanish law

E. Santa Fe trade

1. Spanish policy

2. Effects of Mexican Independence, 1821

V. Political Upheaval in the Southwest

A. Texas Rebellion

B. The Mexican War

C. The Compromise of 1850

D. The Gadsden Purchase

VI. American Indian in the Southwest

A. Horse Creek Indian Council, 1851

B. Quaker Policy or small reservation policy under Grant

C. Dawes Severalty Act

D. The Southwest and the Indians

VII. Anglo Development of the Southwest

A. Gold Rush

B. Transportation

1. Cape Horn route

2. Trans-Panamma route

3. Steamboats on the Colorado River

4. Camel experiment

5. Railroads

VIII. Outlaws of the Southwest

A. Law and order in the states and territories

B. Government corruption

C. The Gilded Age

D. Populism and progressivism

E. Vigilante movement

F. Texas

G. New Mexico: Lincoln County War

H. Arizona

IX. Ranching and Farming

A. National domain in question

1. Homestead Act

2. Timber Culture Act

3. Desert Land Act

4. Timber and Stone Act

B. Cattle industry

C. Sheep industry

D. Farming and irrigation

X. Mining

A. Importance to the development of the region

1. Population

2. National mineral supply

3. Economy

4. Folklore

B. The Spanish Tradition

1. Placer mining and drifts

2. The Arrastre process

3. The patio process

C. California Gold Strike

D. Arizona mining

E. Government monetary policy in the 1870's

1. "Crime of 1873"

2. Bland Allison Act, 1878

3. Sherman Silver Purchase Act, 1890

F. Copper mining

G. Nature of mining

1. Requirements of copper mining

2. Open pit mining

3. Shaft mining

XI. Twentieth Century Southwest

A. Statehood: Arizona and New Mexico

B. American Indians

C. Hispanics

D. African Americans

XII. Water

A. Before 1902

B. After 1902 Reclamation Act

1. Dams

2. Control of underground water

XIII. Twentieth Century Politics in the Southwest

A. The Gilded Age

B. Southern California

C. Arizona

D. Reformation under Hiram Johnson

E. Texas "Pa" Ferguson