Maricopa Community Colleges  FOR105   20056-20065 
Official Course Description: MCCCD Approval: 02/22/05
FOR105 20056-20065 L+L 4 Credit(s) 6 Period(s)
Forensic Science: Physical Evidence
Scientific analysis and examination of physical evidence for forensic purposes. Covers fingerprints, shoe prints, tool marks, glass, soil and mineral evidence, firearms identification, paint chips, and arson and explosive evidence. Includes the history of forensic science, functions of the crime lab and criminalist career specialties. Prerequisites: None.
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MCCCD Official Course Competencies:
 
FOR105   20056-20065 Forensic Science: Physical Evidence
1. Define forensic science and criminalistics and identify the major contributors to the development of forensic science. (I)
2. Describe the services of a typical comprehensive crime laboratory in the criminal justice system and explain other fields of forensic science that require expertise in a specialized area. (I)
3. Identify the common types of physical evidence encountered at crime scenes and explain their evidentiary value including the purpose physical evidence plays in reconstructing the events surrounding the commission of a crime. (II)
4. Explain the scientific method and other critical thinking methodologies and their use in forensic science. (III)
5. Define physical and chemical properties and ways to measure and otherwise describe them. (III)
6. List and define the basic units and prefixes of English and Metric systems and convert from one system of measurement to the other. (III)
7. Observe, measure, compare and record chemical and physical properties, including color, dimension, volume, mass, density, attraction, refraction, ph and boiling point and identify and "rule out" substances based upon their chemical and physical properties. (III)
8. Record observations accurately, using appropriate forensic science terminology. (III-IX)
9. Use scientific measuring devices and observation to obtain chemical and physical data and accurately record the results. (III-IX)
10. Interpret safety labels and use lab equipment properly and safely to perform a variety of forensic procedures. (III-IX)
11. Utilize scientific techniques and critical thinking skills to identify, compare and contrast physical evidence, paint, explosive residues, fired bullets and "spent" cartridge casings, tool marks, obliterated serial numbers stamped into metals, questioned documents, and visible and latent fingerprints. (IV-IX) 12 Use the scientific method and other critical thinking skills for hypothesis development, experimental design, data acquisition and analysis related to forensic issues focusing on the identification of physi
12. Apply principles, concepts and methods of forensic science to lab tests. (I-IX)
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MCCCD Official Course Outline:
 
FOR105   20056-20065 Forensic Science: Physical Evidence
    I. Introduction
        A. What is forensic science?
        B. History
        C. Crime labs
        D. Career specializations
      II. Physical Evidence
          A. Common types
          B. Identification and comparison
          C. Individual versus class characteristics
          D. Crime scene reconstruction
        III. Techniques of Scientific Analysis
            A. The scientific method
            B. Physical and chemical properties
            C. The metric system
            D. Observation, measurement and recording
            E. Substance identification and comparison
          IV. Glass and Soil
              A. Density
              B. Refractive index
              C. Crystalline versus amorphous solids
              D. Refraction and birefringence
              E. Light dispersion
              F. Glass flotation and immersion methods
              G. Glass fracture patterns
              H. Glass evidence collection
              I. Soil properties
              J. Mineral identification
              K. Density-gradient tube
              L. Soil evidence collection
            V. Paint Evidence
                A. Components
                B. Automobile paints
                C. Common paint examinations
                D. Paint evidence collection
              VI. Arson and Explosive Investigation
                  A. Oxidation and energy
                  B. Combustion and ignition temperature
                  C. Exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions
                  D. Combustion
                  E. Arson evidence collection
                  F. Hydrocarbon and explosive residue detection and identification
                  G. Classifications of explosives
                    1. Initiating versus non-initiating
                    2. Commercial, homemade and military
                  H. Lab tests for explosives detection
                VII. Firearms, Tool Marks and Shoeprints
                    A. Rifling
                    B. Characteristics of bullets and casings
                    C. Microscopic comparisons
                    D. Caliber and gauge
                    E. Integrated Bullet Identification System (IBIS)
                    F. Distance estimation
                    G. Gunshot residue testing
                    H. Serial number restoration
                    I. Collecting firearm evidence
                    J. Tool mark evidence
                    K. Shoeprint evidence
                  VIII. Documents and Voice Examination
                      A. Questioned documents
                      B. Handwriting characteristics
                      C. Collecting handwriting samples
                      D. Typewriter characteristics
                      E. Collecting typewriter samples
                      F. Pen-related fraud
                      G. Voice prints
                    IX. Fingerprints
                        A. History
                        B. Characteristics
                        C. Physiology
                        D. Patterns
                        E. Types
                          1. Visible
                          2. Plastic
                          2. Latent
                        F. Developing
                          1. Powder
                          2. Chemical
                        G. Preserving
                          1. Photographing
                          2. Lifting
                          3. "Fixing"
                        H. Digital Enhancement
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