Official Course Description: MCCCD Approval: 05/26/98
WED271 19986-99999	LEC	3 Credit(s)	3 Period(s)
Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Physiology
Encompasses the aspects of cardiopulmonary anatomy and physiology for healthy individuals and for those patients with cardiovascular or pulmonary disease. Prerequisites: Baccalaureate degree in a health care related profession or permission of instructor.

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MCCCD Official Course Competencies:
WED271   19986-99999	Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Physiology

1.	Describe the cardiac and pulmonary anatomy in healthy and diseased individuals. (I, II)
2.	Describe cardiac and respiratory function. (III, IV)
3.	Identify the role of circulatory mechanisms in the cardiopulmonary system. (V, VI)
4.	Describe arterial pressure regulation and cardiac output. (VII)
5.	Explain the natural history of ischemic heart disease and its interventions, valvular heart disease, and heart failure. (VIII-XI)
6.	Describe pulmonary gas exchange and transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and body fluids. (XII, XIII)
7.	Describe the regulation of respiration and types of respiratory insufficiency. (XII, XIII, XIV, XV)

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MCCCD Official Course Outline:
WED271   19986-99999	Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Physiology

I. Cardiac Anatomy A. Pump structure 1. Chambers 2. Valves B. Excitatory and conductive system of the heart 1. Nodes and nodal pathways 2. Abnormal rhythms II. Respiratory Structure A. Trachea B.` Bronchi C. Bronchioles D. Nose III. Cardiac Function A. Physiology of cardiac muscles 1. Action potentials 2. Contraction B. Cardiac cycle 1. Systole and diastole 2. Relationship of the electrocardiogram to the cardiac cycle 3. Relationship of the heart sounds to the heart pumping C. Regulation of cardiac function 1. Frank-Starling law of the heart 2. Neural control of the heart 3. Hypoeffective heart 4. Hypereffective heart IV. Pulmonary Function A. Ventilation mechanics 1. Lung expansion and contraction 2. Respiratory pressures 3. Expansibility of lungs and thorax 4. Work of breathing B. Pulmonary volumes and capacities 1. Spiromentry 2. Forced expiratory vital capacity and forced expiratory volume C. Minute respiratory volume D. Respiratory rate times tidal volume E. Alveolar ventilation V. Cardiovascular Circulation A. Hemodynamics 1. Physical characteristics of the blood 2. Pressure, flow, and resistance 3. Vascular distensibility B. Systemic circulation 1. Function of the vessels 2. Pressure pulses C. Local control of blood flow 1. Tissue need 2. Nervous regulation VI. Pulmonary Circulation A. Blood flow through the lungs 1. Distribution 2. Hydrostatic pressure gradient B. Pulmonary capillary dynamics 1. Capillary exchange of fluids 2. Pathological effects on capillary exchange VII. Arterial Pressure Regulation A. Rapid pressure control mechanisms 1. Baroreceptors 2. Chemoreceptors 3. Hormonal mechanisms B. Long-term pressure control 1. Renal-body fluid system 2. Hypertension C. Cardiac output, venous return, and their regulation 1. Cardiac output values 2. Regulation of cardiac output VIII. Ischemic Heart Disease A. Myocardial infarction B. Angina C. Causes of death D. Stages of recovery IX. Ischemic Heart Disease Interventions A. Diagnostic tests B. Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty, Stent, and Rotablader C. Coronary Artery Bypass Graph D. Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass (MidCAB) E. Cardiac transplantation X. Valvular Heart Disease A. Aortic stenosis B. Mitral valve stenosis XI. Cardiac Failure A. Dynamics of circulation in congestive heart failure 1. Acute effects 2. Chronic failure B. Unilateral failure 1. Right heart failure 2 Left heart failure C. High output D. Low output E. Edema F. Classifications G. Cardiac reserve XII. Gas Exchange A. Physics of diffusion and gas pressure 1. Molecular basis 2. Partial pressures of individual gases in fluids and tissue B. Composition of alveolar air C. Diffusion of gases through the respiratory membrane 1. Factors effecting diffusion rate 2. Diffusing capacity of the respiratory membrane XIII. Partial Pressures of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Lungs, Blood, and Tissue A. Uptake, transport, and diffusion of oxygen B. Transport of carbon dioxide XIV. Regulation of Respiration A. Respiratory center B. Chemical control C. Peripheral chemoreceptor system D. Abnormalities of respiratory control 1. Respiratory center depression 2. Periodic breathing XV. Respiratory Insufficiency A. Physiological types 1. Those causing alveolar hypoventilation 2. Disease that decreases lung diffusing capacity 3. Abnormalities of oxygen transport from the lungs to the tissues B. Physiology of pulmonary Abnormalities 1. Emphysema 2. Pneumonia 3. Atelectasis 4. Asthma 5. Tuberculosis 6. Hypoxia 7. Hypercapnea 8. Oxygen therapy in different types of hypoxia

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