Official Course Description: MCCCD Approval: 04/27/04
BIO247 20046-20055	LEC LAB	4 Credit(s) 0 Credit(s)	3 Period(s) 3 Period(s)
Applied Biosciences: Biotechnology
Applies concepts of molecular and cellular biology of bacteria, animals, and plants to real-world problems. Prerequisites: BIO181 or equivalent. One semester of college-level chemistry or equivalent recommended.

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MCCCD Official Course Competencies:
BIO247   20046-20055	Applied Biosciences: Biotechnology

1.	Describe the importance of the cell in understanding the history, structure, and processes of life. (I)
2.	Describe the chemical foundations of cell processes. (II)
3.	Describe the structure of proteins, and identify the categories of proteins found in cells. (III)
4.	Describe the structure and function of nucleic acids. (IV)
5.	Identify the parts of a cell, and describe their structure and function. (V)
6.	Describe the methods of culturing cells and viruses. (VI)
7.	Describe the methods and uses of recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (VII)
8.	Describe methods of genetic analysis in cell biology. (VIII)
9.	Describe the structure and functioning of genes and chromosomes. (IX)
10.	Describe protein synthesis. (X, XI)
11.	Describe regulation of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (XI, XIII)
12.	Describe DNA replication, repair, and recombination. (XII)
13.	Describe gene control of development. (XIV)
14.	Describe cellular energetics. (XV)
15.	Describe post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications, protein targeting, and protein sorting. (XVI)
16.	Describe transport across cell membranes. (XVII)
17.	Gather, analyze, and present data. (XVIII)
18.	Demonstrate the correct use and application of basic equipment found in a typical molecular and cellular biology laboratory. (XVIII, XIX, XXX)
19.	Demonstrate proficiency in bacteriological technique. (XVIII, XXVI)
20.	Describe Beer's Law and demonstrate proficiency in using a spectrophotometer. (XIX)
21.	Demonstrate proficiency in using a light microscope. (XIX)
22.	Describe the Gram stain. (XIX)
23.	Demonstrate proficiency in protein and DNA purification. (XX)
24.	Purify both chromosomal and plasmid DNA. (XX, XXIII, XXV)
25.	Define the central dogma of molecular biology. (XXI)
26.	Demonstrate proficiency in transformation of bacteria and yeast. (XXI, XII, XXIV, XXVI)
27.	Describe recombinant DNA techniques. (XXI, XXV, XXVI)
28.	Clone a segment of DNA (e.g., a gene) into a plasmid or expression vector. (XXI, XXVI)
29.	Measure and describe growth kinetics of an eukaryotic organism (yeast) . (XXII)
30.	Describe allelic frequencies. (XXIII)
31.	Describe the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and design PCR primers. (XXIII)
32.	Develop a protocol using genetic transformation techniques that will "correct" genetic deficiencies. (XXIV)
33.	Confirm identity of a DNA sample through restriction enzyme digestion and mapping. (XXV, XXVIII)
34.	Describe and perform nucleic acid hybridizations (Southern blotting). (XXIX)
35.	Describe maintenance of cultured mammalian cells. (XXX)
36.	Describe the correct use of equipment found in a cell culture laboratory. (XXX)

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MCCCD Official Course Outline:
BIO247   20046-20055	Applied Biosciences: Biotechnology

I. The Dynamic Cell A. Evolution: The core of molecular change B. The molecules of life C. The architecture of cells D. The life cycle of cells E. Cells into tissues F. Molecular cell biology II. Chemical Foundations A. Covalent bonds B. Noncovalent bonds C. Chemical equilibrium D. Biochemical energetics E. Activation energy and reaction rate III. Protein Structure and Function A. Hierarchical structure of proteins B. Folding, modification, and degradation of proteins C. Functional design of proteins D. Membrane proteins E. Purifying, detecting, and characterizing proteins IV. Nucleic Acids, the Genetic Code, and the Synthesis of Macromolecules A. Structure of nucleic acids B. Synthesis of biopolymers C. Nucleic acid synthesis D. The roles of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in protein synthesis E. Stepwise formation of proteins on ribosomes V. Biomembranes and Subcellular Organization A. Microscopy and cell architecture B. Purification of cells and their parts C. Biomembranes: structural organization D. Organelles of the eukaryotic cell VI. Manipulating Cells and Viruses in Culture A. Growth of microorganisms in culture B. Growth of animal cells in culture C. Viruses 1. Structure 2. Function 3. Use VII. Recombinant DNA and Genomics A. DNA cloning with plasmid vectors B. Constructing DNA libraries with phage and other cloning vectors C. Cloned DNA 1. Identifying 2. Analyzing 3. Sequencing D. Bioinformatics E. Analyzing specific nucleic acids in complex mixtures F. Producing high levels of proteins from cloned complementary deoxyribonucleic acids (cDNAs) G. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): An alternative to cloning H. DNA microarrays VIII. Genetic Analysis in Cell Biology A. Mutations 1. Types 2. Causes B. Isolation and analysis of mutants C. Genetic mapping of mutations D. Molecular cloning of genes defined by mutations E. Gene replacement and transgenic animals IX. Molecular Structure of Genes and Chromosomes A. Molecular definition of a gene B. Chromosomal organization of genes and noncoding DNA C. Mobile DNA D. Functional rearrangements in chromosomal DNA E. Organizing cellular DNA into chromosomes F. Morphology and functional elements of chromosomes G. Organelle DNAs X. Regulation of Transcription Initiation A. Bacterial gene control: The Jacob-Monod Model B. Bacterial transcription initiation C. Eukaryotic gene control D. Regulatory sequences in protein-coding genes E. Eukaryotic transcription activators and repressors F. RNA polymerase II transcription-initiation complex G. Molecular mechanisms of transcriptional control XI. RNA Processing, Nuclear Transport, and Post-Transcriptional Regulation A. Transcription termination B. Processing of eukaryotic messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) C. Regulation of mRNA processing D. Signal-mediated transport and nuclear pore complexes E. Processing of ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) and transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) XII. DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination A. General features of chromosomal replication B. The DNA replication machinery C. Role of topoisomerases in DNA replication D. DNA damage and repair and their role in carcinogenesis E. Recombination between homologous DNA sites XIII. Regulation of the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle A. The cell cycle and its control B. Biochemical studies with oocytes and early embryos C. Genetic studies D. Molecular mechanisms for regulating mitotic events E. Genetic studies with Saccharomyces cerevisiae F. Cell-cycle control in mammalian cells G. Checkpoints in cell-cycle regulation XIV. Gene Control in Development A. Cell-type specification and mating-type conversion in yeast B. Cell-type specification in animals C. Antero-posterior specification during embryogenesis D. Specification of floral-organ identity XV. Cellular Energetics A. Oxidation of glucose and fatty acids to carbon dioxide B. Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation XVI. Post-Transcriptional and Post-Translational Modifications; Protein Targeting and Sorting A. RNA splicing B. Alternative splicing C. Post-translational modifications D. Synthesis and targeting of mitochondrial, chloroplast, and peroxisomal proteins E. The secretory pathway F. Molecular mechanisms of vesicular traffic XVII. Transport Across Cell Membranes A. Diffusion across phospholipid bilayers B. Membrane transport proteins C. Uniporter-catalyzed transport D. Intracellular ion environment E. Activate transport by Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)-powered pumps F. Cotransport by symporters and antiporters G. Osmosis, water channels, and regulation of cell volume XVIII. Introduction to Data Gathering, Analysis, and Presentation A. Experimental models 1. Membrane permeability 2. Enzyme kinetics B. How to write a lab report C. Basic equipment and bacteriological technique 1. Pipettors 2. Streaking 3. Inoculation 4. Sterile technique XIX. Spectrophotometry and Light Microscopy A. The Gram stain B. Beer's Law C. Extinction coefficients D. Absorption spectra E. Spectrophotometric analysis of DNA XX. Size Separation of Biomolecules A. Protein purification B. Chromatography C. DNA purification D. Electrophoresis XXI. Cloning and Expressing a Recombinant Protein A. Transformation and its role in molecular biology B. Calculation of transformation efficiency C. The central dogma of molecular biology XXII. Growth Kinetics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Yeast) XXIII. PCR Amplification of DNA A. Purification and amplification of DNA B. Allelic frequencies XXIV. Genetic Transformation of a Eukaryote A. Transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant strains B. Identification of revertant phenotypes XXV. Restriction Endonuclease Digestion A. Isolation of chromosomal and genomic DNA B. Restriction digestion of DNA C. Vectors and cloning XXVI. Creation of a Recombinant Organism A. Gene Cloning B. Recombinant DNA XXVII. DNA Purification of Recombinant Clones XXVIII. Restriction Mapping of Recombinant Clones XXIX. Southern Blotting XXX. Cells in Culture A. The American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) B. Introduction to growth media and conditions C. Cell culture equipment and supplies D. Maintenance of cells in culture

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